Shoulder pain is one of the most common complaints in orthopedics. There are many causes: from simple overuse to serious tendon tears. Understanding the cause is the first step to proper treatment.

1. Rotator Cuff Tear

The rotator cuff is a group of 4 muscles and tendons that stabilize the shoulder joint. The tear can be acute (trauma) or degenerative (wear with age). After 60 years, partial tears are found in 30-50% of people, even without symptoms.

Symptoms: pain when raising the arm above 90°, weakness, nighttime pain when lying on the affected side.

Treatment: for partial tears — MIBRAR® regenerates the tendon with stem cells without arthroscopic suturing. For complete tears — surgical suturing with a 20-40% risk of re-tear.

2. Frozen Shoulder (Adhesive Capsulitis)

Chronic inflammation and thickening of the joint capsule, leading to progressive loss of mobility. It goes through 3 phases: freezing (2-9 months), frozen phase (4-12 months), thawing (5-24 months).

Risk factors: diabetes (5 times more common), thyroid diseases, female gender, age 40-60 years.

Treatment: MIBRAR® accelerates the thawing process — stem cells remodel the thickened capsule. Mobility returns in weeks, not years.

3. Shoulder Impingement Syndrome (Subacromial Syndrome)

Impingement of rotator cuff tendons between the humeral head and acromial process. The most common cause of shoulder pain in people 30-50 years old.

Symptoms: “painful arc” — pain when abducting the arm 60-120°, worsens with repetitive overhead movements.

Treatment: physical therapy + NSAIDs. In chronic cases — MIBRAR® reduces inflammation and regenerates damaged tendons. Alternative to acromioplasty.

4. Calcific Tendinitis

Deposition of calcium crystals in rotator cuff tendons. Affects 2-7% of adults, more often women 30-50 years old. Can cause excruciating pain.

Stages: calcific deposit formation → resorption (most painful) → tendon remodeling.

Treatment: shockwave therapy, physical therapy. MIBRAR® accelerates calcium resorption and restores tendon tissue.

5. Shoulder Osteoarthritis (Omarthrosis)

Degenerative destruction of shoulder joint cartilage. Less common than knee or hip osteoarthritis, but no less disabling.

Causes: trauma, instability, rheumatoid arthritis, age. After 65 years — 33% of people have radiographic signs of omarthrosis.

Treatment: MIBRAR® regenerates cartilage with stem cells. Alternative to reverse shoulder arthroplasty.

6. Shoulder Instability

Excessive mobility of the humeral head in the glenoid cavity. Can be traumatic (after dislocation) or atraumatic (congenital hypermobility).

Risks: after first dislocation in people under 25 years — 70-90% chance of recurrence. Each dislocation damages cartilage and labrum.

Treatment: MIBRAR® strengthens capsule and ligaments biologically, reducing recurrence risk without Bankart surgery.

7. Shoulder Bursitis

Inflammation of the subacromial synovial bursa. Often accompanies impingement and rotator cuff tears.

Standard treatment: corticosteroid injections (no more than 3 per year — weakens tendons), NSAIDs, physical therapy.